Grading meningiomas with diffusion metrics: a comparison between diffusion kurtosis, mean apparent propagator, neurite orientation dispersion and density, and diffusion tensor imaging.

• Whole tumour histogram analyses of multiple diffusion models are feasible for grading meningiomas. • The DKI, MAP, and NODDI metrics are weakly associated with the Ki-67 proliferation status. • DTI has similar diagnostic performance compared with DKI, MAP, and NODDI in grading meningiomas.