Angiographic Types of Palpebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Relevant Therapeutic Options Based on Ethanol Embolization: A Multicenter Study.

Palpebral arteriovenous malformations (pAVMs) are rare and tricky in clinical practices. The present study has divided the pAVMs into cystic and diffuse types according to their angiographic characteristics. Ethanol embolization with (CE) or without coils (NCE) was performed on both types. CE was suitable for cystic pAVMs; whereas NCE was a better choice for diffuse pAVMs. The five-year survival analyses provided evidence of the safety and efficacy of ethanol application in pAVMs. Finally, our work demonstrated that both the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of diffuse pAVMs were poor compared to those of cystic pAVM.