Non-canonical BIM-regulated energy metabolism determines drug-induced liver necrosis.
Rebekka LambrechtFranziska RudolfAnna-Katharina ÜckertValentina C SladkyTruong San PhanJasmin JansenSamara NaimThomas KaufmannAdrian KeoghSusanne KirschnekAswin MangerichFlorian StengelMarcel LeistAndreas VillungerThomas BrunnerPublished in: Cell death and differentiation (2023)
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) overdose severely damages mitochondria and triggers several apoptotic processes in hepatocytes, but the final outcome is fulminant necrotic cell death, resulting in acute liver failure and mortality. Here, we studied this switch of cell death modes and demonstrate a non-canonical role of the apoptosis-regulating BCL-2 homolog BIM/Bcl2l11 in promoting necrosis by regulating cellular bioenergetics. BIM deficiency enhanced total ATP production and shifted the bioenergetic profile towards glycolysis, resulting in persistent protection from APAP-induced liver injury. Modulation of glucose levels and deletion of Mitofusins confirmed that severe APAP toxicity occurs only in cells dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolytic hepatocytes maintained elevated ATP levels and reduced ROS, which enabled lysosomal recycling of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. The present study highlights how metabolism and bioenergetics affect drug-induced liver toxicity, and identifies BIM as important regulator of glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and oxidative stress signaling.
Keyphrases
- cell death
- drug induced
- liver injury
- cell cycle arrest
- liver failure
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- hepatitis b virus
- dna damage
- transcription factor
- diabetic rats
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- adverse drug
- genome wide
- cardiovascular events
- intensive care unit
- blood glucose
- gene expression
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- early onset
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- coronary artery disease
- skeletal muscle
- cardiovascular disease
- heat shock
- metabolic syndrome
- pi k akt
- protein kinase
- dna methylation
- type diabetes