Heart rate is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation, independent of rhythm.
Fredrik HolmqvistSunghee KimBenjamin Adam SteinbergJames A ReiffelKenneth W MahaffeyBernard J GershGregg C FonarowGerald V NaccarelliPaul ChangJames V FreemanPeter R KoweyLaine ThomasEric D PetersonJonathan P Piccininull nullPublished in: Heart (British Cardiac Society) (2015)
Within 1.5 years, almost a quarter of the patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF progress to a more sustained form. Progression is strongly associated with heart rate, and age.