Electricity-Triggered Self-Healing of Conductive and Thermostable Vitrimer Enabled by Paving Aligned Carbon Nanotubes.

Electrically conducting films are important for the development of modern electronics. However, most of these conducting films become susceptible to structure fractures under complex deformations or accidental damages, causing the devices to fail to work. Inspired by the self-healing capability of creatures, we developed a self-healing, thermostable, and electrically conducting film that can be healed by electricity by paving aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets onto the surface of liquid crystal elastomer composite films. The aligned CNT sheets make the composites conductive, so the composites can be healed not only by light but also by electricity after breaking. The scratches on the self-healing film can be healed easily under a voltage of 1.18 V/mm because of the electro-thermal effect of aligned CNT sheets. The healed film has almost the same mechanical properties compared to the pristine sample. The electrical and mechanical self-healing of the film is derived from the electrical reconnection of carbon nanotubes and transesterification-induced topology change of the network, respectively. We further demonstrated soft actuators and high-performance supercapacitors based on the prepared self-healing conducting films. This method for preparing self-healing conducting films enables the development of self-healing electronics.