Screening for Neuroprotective and Rapid Antidepressant-like Effects of 20 Essential Oils.
Khoa Nguyen TranNhi Phuc Khanh NguyenLy Thi Huong NguyenHeung-Mook ShinIn-Jun YangPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder with high prevalence, and the delayed onset of antidepressant effects remains a limitation in the treatment of depression. This study aimed to screen essential oils that have the potential for rapid-acting antidepressant development. PC12 and BV2 cells were used to identify essential oils with neuroprotective effects at doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/mL. The resulting candidates were treated intranasally (25 mg/kg) to ICR mice, followed by a tail suspension test (TST) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) after 30 min. In each effective essential oil, five main compounds were computationally analyzed, targeting glutamate receptor subunits. As a result, 19 essential oils significantly abolished corticosterone (CORT)-induced cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and 13 reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). From in vivo experiments, six essential oils decreased the immobility time of mice in the TST, in which Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and Myristica fragrans Houtt. also increased time and entries into the open arms of the EPM. Four compounds including atractylon, α-curcumene, α-farnesene, and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one had an affinity toward GluN1, GluN2B, and Glu2A receptor subunits surpassed that of the reference compound ketamine. Overall, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC and Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat essential oils are worthy of further research for fast-acting antidepressants through interactions with glutamate receptors, and their main compounds (atractylon, α-curcumene, α-farnesene, and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one) are predicted to underlie the fast-acting effect.
Keyphrases
- lps induced
- major depressive disorder
- inflammatory response
- cell death
- essential oil
- cell cycle arrest
- rheumatoid arthritis
- bipolar disorder
- high fat diet induced
- depressive symptoms
- induced apoptosis
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- sleep quality
- risk factors
- high glucose
- mental health
- minimally invasive
- toll like receptor
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- oxidative stress
- cancer therapy
- binding protein
- drug delivery
- type diabetes
- signaling pathway
- adipose tissue
- climate change
- metabolic syndrome
- pain management
- newly diagnosed
- drug induced