Hybrid approach for management of end-stage heart failure in complex congenital heart disease.

Management of end-stage heart failure (ESHF) in children with congenital heart disease is challenging. We report a step-by-step hybrid procedure (transcatheter pulmonary valve and left mechanical assist device implantations) in a child with ESHF after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, as an effective bridge to transplant strategy.