Depiction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) in Diabetes with a Focus on Diabetic Microvascular Complications.
Daniela Maria TănaseEvelina Maria GosavTina BotocMariana FloriaClaudia Cristina TarniceriuMinela Aida MărănducăAnca HaisanAndrei Ionut CucuCiprian RezusClaudia Florida CosteaPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2023)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still holds the title as one of the most debilitating chronic diseases with rising prevalence and incidence, including its complications such as retinal, renal, and peripheral nerve disease. In order to develop novel molecules for diagnosis and treatment, a deep understanding of the complex molecular pathways is imperative. Currently, the existing agents for T2DM treatment target only blood glucose levels. Over the past decades, specific building blocks of proteins-branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine, and valine-have gained attention because they are linked with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes development. In this review, we discuss the hypothetical link between BCAA metabolism, insulin resistance, T2DM, and its microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Further research on these amino acids and their derivates may eventually pave the way to novel biomarkers or therapeutic concepts for the treatment of diabetes and its accompanied complications.
Keyphrases
- glycemic control
- blood glucose
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- diabetic retinopathy
- amino acid
- risk factors
- diabetic nephropathy
- cardiovascular disease
- peripheral nerve
- weight loss
- optical coherence tomography
- adipose tissue
- high fat diet
- metabolic syndrome
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- working memory
- high fat diet induced
- combination therapy
- single molecule