Teeth with vital pulps and stage III periodontitis unresponsive to therapy exhibit a pulpal inflammatory profile similar to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Pulp tissues from teeth with IP and EP presented similar levels of altered inflammatory markers compared with NP. TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β cytokines and miRNAs (miR-30a-5p and miR-128-3p) are potential objective biomarkers to indicate pulpal inflammatory status, aiding diagnosis and directing clinical decision-making. RCT may be beneficial to improve stage III periodontitis unresponsive to non-surgical periodontal treatment, but further research is required.