Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy.
Dan YuYixin LiMaoye WangJianmei GuWenrong XuHui CaiXinjian FangXu ZhangPublished in: Molecular cancer (2022)
Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged as a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient cells and play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest that exosomes have a great promise to serve as novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy, since large quantities of exosomes are enriched in body fluids and are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the further clinical application of exosomes has been greatly restrained by the lack of high-quality separation and component analysis methods. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the conventional and novel technologies for exosome isolation, characterization and content detection. Additionally, the roles of exosomes serving as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis prediction of cancer are summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of applying exosome-based liquid biopsy to precision medicine are evaluated.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- papillary thyroid
- stem cells
- ultrasound guided
- fine needle aspiration
- ionic liquid
- induced apoptosis
- minimally invasive
- squamous cell
- cell cycle arrest
- bone marrow
- squamous cell carcinoma
- lymph node metastasis
- childhood cancer
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- young adults
- machine learning
- mass spectrometry
- big data
- single molecule
- combination therapy
- current status