Formation of the End-on Bound Lanthanide Dinitrogen Complexes [(R2N)3Ln-N═N-Ln(NR2)3]2- from Divalent [(R2N)3Ln]1- Salts (R = SiMe3).

Lanthanide-based dinitrogen reduction chemistry has been expanded by the discovery of the first end-on Ln2(μ-η1:η1-N2) complexes, whose synthesis and reactivity help explain the reduction of N2 by the combination of trivalent Ln(NR2)3 complexes (R = SiMe3) and potassium. The formation of end-on versus the more common side-on Ln2(μ-η2:η2-N2) complexes is possible by using recently discovered Ln(II) complexes ligated by three NR2 amide ligands (R = SiMe3). The isolated Ln(II) tris(amide) complex [K(crypt)][Tb(NR2)3] (crypt = 2.2.2-cryptand), 1-Tb, reacts with dinitrogen in Et2O at -35 °C to form the end-on bridging dinitrogen complex [K(crypt)]2{[(R2N)3Tb]2[μ-η1:η1-N2]}, 2-Tb. The 18-crown-6 (18-c-6) Tb(II) analogue, [K(18-c-6)2][Tb(NR2)3], 3-Tb, also reacts with N2 to form an end-on product, [K2(18-c-6)3]{[(R2N)3Tb]2[μ-η1:η1-N2]}, 4-Tb. The reaction of 1-Gd with dinitrogen forms a complex with the same composition as 2-Tb but with both side-on and end-on bonding of the N2 unit in the same crystal, [K(crypt)]2{[(R2N)3Gd]2[μ-ηx:ηx-N2]} (x = 1 and 2), 5-Gd. Similarly, the 18-c-6 Gd(II) complex, 3-Gd, generates a product with both binding modes: [K2(18-c-6)3]{[(R2N)3Gd]2[μ-ηx:ηx-N2]} (x = 1, 2), 6-Gd. All of these new reduced dinitrogen complexes, 2-Tb, 4-Tb, 5-Gd, and 6-Gd, have three ancillary amide ligands per metal. In contrast, the side-on bound complexes, [(THF)(R2N)2Ln]2[μ-η2:η2-N2], 7-Ln, observed previously in Ln(NR2)3/K/N2 reactions, have only two amides per metal. A connection between these systems related to their formation was observed in the structure of the bimetallic penta-amide complex, [K(THF)6]{[(THF)(R2N)2Gd][μ-η2:η2-N2][Gd(NR2)3]}, 8-Gd, synthesized at -196 °C. Reaction conditions are crucial in this dinitrogen reaction system. When 5-Gd and 6-Gd are warmed above -15 °C, they reform Gd(II) complexes. If 1-Gd is dissolved in THF instead of Et2O under N2, the irreversible formation of an (N2)3- complex [K(crypt)][(THF)(R2N)2Gd]2[μ-η2:η2-N2], 9-Gd, is observed.