Genes and Longevity of Lifespan.
May Nasser Bin-JumahMuhammad Shahid NadeemSadaf Jamal GilaniFahad A Al-AbbasiInam UllahSami I AlzareaMohammed M GhoneimSultan M AlshehriAziz UddinBibi Nazia MurtazaImran KazmiPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
Keyphrases
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- endothelial cells
- cell cycle arrest
- dna repair
- cell death
- circulating tumor
- stress induced
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- copy number
- transcription factor
- cell free
- single molecule
- gene expression
- stem cells
- pi k akt
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- type diabetes
- genome wide identification
- risk factors
- induced apoptosis
- cardiovascular events
- nucleic acid
- bioinformatics analysis
- climate change
- binding protein
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- smoking cessation
- genome wide analysis
- risk assessment