Chromogranin A (ChgA) is an acidic pro-protein found in neuroendocrine organs, pheochromocytoma chromaffin granules, and tumor cells. Proteolytic processing of ChgA gives rise to an array of biologically active peptides such as pancreastatin (PST), vasostatin, WE14, catestatin (CST), and serpinin, which have diverse roles in regulating cardiovascular functions and metabolism, as well as inflammation. Intricate tissue-specific role of ChgA-derived peptide activity in preclinical rodent models of metabolic syndrome reveals complex effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Indeed, ChgA-derived peptides, PST and CST, play a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, supplementation of specific peptide in ChgA-KO mice have an opposing effect on physiological functions, such as PST supplementation reduces insulin sensitivity and enhances inflammatory response. In contrast, CST supplementation enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammatory response. In this review, we focus on the tissue-specific role of PST and CST as therapeutic targets in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, along with the associated risk factors.
Keyphrases
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- inflammatory response
- high fat diet induced
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- amino acid
- high fat diet
- uric acid
- adipose tissue
- toll like receptor
- lps induced
- skeletal muscle
- cardiovascular risk factors
- cardiovascular disease
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- magnetic resonance
- oxidative stress
- weight loss
- cell therapy
- high resolution
- stem cells
- computed tomography
- high throughput
- body mass index
- immune response
- small molecule
- weight gain
- binding protein
- physical activity