Probiotic treatment with viable α-galactosylceramide-producing Bacteroides fragilis reduces diabetes incidence in female nonobese diabetic mice.

B. fragilis induced iNKT cells and M2 macrophages and reduced type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. The protective effect seemed to be more centered on gut-pancreas interactions rather than a systemic immunosuppression. B. fragilis should be considered for probiotic use in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.