Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy.

T cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, we discuss how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, we summarize recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis and diabetes. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance our understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T cell immunotherapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.