Early-life stress triggers long-lasting organismal resilience and longevity via tetraspanin.

Early-life stress experiences can produce lasting impacts on organismal adaptation and fitness. How transient stress elicits memory-like physiological effects is largely unknown. Here we show that early-life thermal stress strongly up-regulates tsp-1 , a gene encoding the conserved transmembrane tetraspanin in C. elegans . TSP-1 forms prominent multimers and stable web like structures critical for membrane barrier functions in adults and during aging. Up-regulation of TSP-1 is long lasting even after transient early-life stress. Such regulation requires CBP-1, a histone acetyl-transference that facilitates initial tsp-1 transcription. Tetraspanin webs form regular membrane structures and mediate resilience-promoting effects of early-life thermal stress. Gain-of-function TSP-1 confers striking C. elegans longevity extension and thermal resilience in human cells. Together, our results reveal a cellular mechanism by which early-life thermal stress produces long-lasting memory-like impact on organismal resilience and longevity.