Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Perylene Diimide (PDI) Crystals.

Controlling molecular self-assembly of organic semiconductors is a key factor in enhancing the performance of organic electronics and optoelectronics. However, unlike various p-type organic semiconductors, it has proven elusive to control molecular self-assembly with about tens of nm dimensions using n-type organic semiconductors including perylene diimide (PDI), which is the most promising alternative to fullerene derivatives, without using an additional synthetic method or additives, thus far. Here, we developed a simple self-assembling method for the hierarchical self-assembly of PDI crystals with nanometer-to-micrometer scale features using pristine PDI-C8 without using an additional synthetic method or additive. Interestingly, we observed crystalline and optical properties of self-assembled PDI crystals depending on their size and structural features. In addition, we fabricated p-n junctions composed of PDI and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), where the p-n junctions had coassembled and blended nanomorphologies, and confirmed that coassembled nanomorphologies enabled more effective energy transfer than the blended nanomorphologies.