Highly Active Small Aminated Quinolinequinones against Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans .
Hatice YıldırımNilüfer BayrakMahmut YıldızFatıma Nur YılmazEmel Mataraci KaraDeepak ShilkarVenkatesan JayaprakashAmaç Fatih TuyunPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Two subseries of aminated quinolinequinones (AQQs, AQQ1 - 16 ) containing electron-withdrawing group (EWG) or electron-donating group (EDG) in aryl amine moiety were successfully synthesized. Antimicrobial activity assessment indicates that some of the AQQs ( AQQ8 - 10 and AQQ12 - 14 ) with an EDG in aryl amine exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC ® 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC ® 29212). In contrast, AQQ4 with an EWG in aryl amine displayed excellent antifungal activity against fungi Candida albicans (ATCC ® 10231) with a MIC value of 1.22 μg/mL. To explore the mode of action, the selected AQQs ( AQQ4 and AQQ9 ) were further evaluated in vitro to determine their antimicrobial activity against each of 20 clinically obtained resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria by performing antibiofilm activity assay and time-kill curve assay. In addition, in silico studies were carried out to determine the possible mechanism of action observed in vitro. The data obtained from these experiments suggests that these molecules could be used to target pathogens in different modes of growth, such as planktonic and biofilm.
Keyphrases
- candida albicans
- drug resistant
- gram negative
- multidrug resistant
- staphylococcus aureus
- biofilm formation
- acinetobacter baumannii
- escherichia coli
- high throughput
- magnetic resonance
- electronic health record
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- molecular docking
- solar cells
- magnetic resonance imaging
- machine learning
- deep learning
- single cell
- electron transfer
- molecular dynamics simulations
- clinical evaluation