Islet Autoantibody Level Distribution in Type 1 Diabetes and Their Association With Genetic and Clinical Characteristics.
Sian Louise GraceJack BowdenHelen C WalkeyAkaal KaurShivani MisraBeverley M ShieldsTrevelyan J McKinleyNick S OliverTimothy J McDonaldDesmond G JohnstonAngus G JonesKashyap Amratlal PatelPublished in: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2022)
Islet autoantibody levels provide additional information over positivity in T1D at diagnosis. Bimodality of GADA and IA-2A autoantibody levels highlights the novel aspect of heterogeneity of T1D. This may have implications for T1D prediction, treatment, and pathogenesis.