Response of Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) to insecticides used in maize crop as a function of its life stage and exposure route.

The present study aimed to evaluate insecticide toxicity to Doru luteipes (Scudder), a major predator of maize pests. Lethal and sublethal effects were assessed on nymphs and adults exposed to the insecticides through contact (maize leaves) and ingestion (prey eggs) routes. Tested insecticides included a biopesticide (Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, SfMNPV), modern (flubendiamide and metaflumizone), and older neurotoxins (imidacloprid + β-cyfluthrin). The imidacloprid/β-cyfluthrin mix was highly toxic (100% mortality) to the predator, regardless of the exposure route and predator stage. Metaflumizone caused mortality higher than 95% and 45% of nymphs and adults. Flubendiamide and SfMNPV were the least toxic insecticides, not differing from the untreated control in any of the assessed endpoints. Adult tibial length did not differ among treatments. Metaflumizone impaired egg consumption by nymphs and walking distance of adult D. luteipes. Overall, the insecticides caused a more pronounced effect on D. luteipes nymphs than on adults and were more toxic by the contact route. From these findings, flubendiamide and SfMNPV are safer for D. luteipes and should head insecticide choice in integrated pest management programs in maize.