Polyoxometalates tailoring of frustrated Lewis pairs on Ce-doped Bi 2 O 3 for boosting photocatalytic CO 2 reduction.

Constructing frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) on catalysts will provide catalytic sites to activate CO 2 and boost photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Herein, a Ce-doped bismuth oxide (CeBiO X ) with FLPs was designed by loading [( α -SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 Cu 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] 12- (Cu3) via strong electrostatic interactions to create oxygen vacancies (OVs). Detailed experiments and measurements showed that Cu 3 could regulate the FLPs and optimize the band structure of CeBiO X to boost photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. In particular, the Cu3/CeBiO X composite exhibited the highest yields of CO (42.85 μmoL g -1 ) and CH 4 (13.23 μmoL g -1 ), being 6.6 and 3.3 times, and 4.9 and 6.3 times higher than those of pristine Bi 2 O 3 and CeBiO X , respectively. This work provides a significant and mild approach to obtaining advanced catalysts with tuneable FLPs for more fields.