Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population.
Mattia Emanuela LigottiAnna AielloGiulia AccardiAnna CalabròMarcello CiaccioClaudia ColombaDanilo Di BonaBruna Lo SassoFanny PojeroAntonino TuttolomondoCalogero CarusoGiuseppina CandoreGiovanni DuroPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in defence against viral infections by killing infected cells or by producing cytokines and interacting with adaptive immune cells. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate the activation of NK cells through their interaction with human leucocyte antigens (HLA). Ninety-six Sicilian patients positive to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV) and ninety-two Sicilian patients positive to SARS-CoV-2 were genotyped for KIRs and their HLA ligands. We also included fifty-six Sicilian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) already recruited in our previous study. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of KIR-HLA genes/groups of these three different infected populations with healthy Sicilian donors from the literature. We showed that the inhibitory KIR3DL1 gene and the KIR3DL1 /HLA-B Bw4 pairing were more prevalent in individual CHB. At the same time, the frequency of HLA-C2 was increased in CHB compared to other groups. In contrast, the HLA-C1 ligand seems to have no contribution to CHB progression whereas it was significantly higher in COVID-19 and HIV-positive than healthy controls. These results suggest that specific KIR-HLA combinations can predict the outcome/susceptibility of these viral infections and allows to plan successful customized therapeutic strategies.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv positive
- antiretroviral therapy
- nk cells
- end stage renal disease
- hepatitis c virus
- ejection fraction
- men who have sex with men
- infectious diseases
- prognostic factors
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- hiv infected
- genome wide
- magnetic resonance
- hiv testing
- coronavirus disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- magnetic resonance imaging
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- dendritic cells
- dna methylation
- hepatitis b virus
- contrast enhanced
- genome wide identification
- computed tomography
- cell death
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- protein kinase
- cell cycle arrest