Advances in polyoxometalate-based electrochemical sensors in the last three years.

As a famous subclass of metal-oxide cluster materials, polyoxometalates (POMs) feature variable architectures, reversible multi-electron transport capability, catalytic activity, and redox capacity. These attributes endow POMs with great potential as promising electrode materials in electrochemical sensors (ECSs). Up to now, POM-based ECSs have been passionately studied, and diverse POM-based redox ECSs, aptasensors and immunosensors have emerged. And these POM-based ECSs generally demonstrate fast response, low detection limit, strong selectivity and high antijamming capability. This review mainly focuses on the remarkable advancement of POM-based ECSs in environmental monitoring, food safety and biomedicine from 2021, aiming to furnish theoretical insights that inform the design and development of innovative sensors.