Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a single-center, matched case-control study in China.

LN, anti-SSA positivity, thrombocytopenia and elevated CRP were independent risk factors of DAH in lupus patients. Due to a high early death rate of DAH and little long-term damage, DAH patients may benefit from early diagnosis and intensive treatment, and CTX-based therapy can be a preferential choice.