Tobacco and other risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Lilongwe Malawi: Results from the Lilongwe esophageal cancer case: Control study.

Bongani KaimilaGift MulimaChifundo KajomboAnde SalimaPeter NietschkeNatalie R PritchettYingxi ChenGwen MurphySanford M DawseySatish GopalKamija S PhiriChristian C Abnet

Published in: PLOS global public health (2022)

Reducing smoking cigarettes, consumption of scalding hot tea, and consumption of contaminated grain, could potentially help reduce the burden of ESCC in Malawi. Further investigation of the association between HIV status and ESCC are warranted.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
antiretroviral therapy
hiv positive
hiv infected
human immunodeficiency virus
hiv testing
heavy metals
hepatitis c virus
hiv aids
drinking water
men who have sex with men
replacement therapy