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Fast finite difference solver for optical microscopy in deep biological tissue.

Thariq ShanavasRobert R McLeodMark E SiemensJuliet T Gopinath
Published in: Optics letters (2024)
Optical scattering poses a significant challenge to high-resolution microscopy within deep tissue. To accurately predict the performance of various microscopy techniques in thick samples, we present a computational model that efficiently solves Maxwell's equation in highly scattering media. This toolkit simulates the deterioration of the laser beam point spread function (PSF) without making a paraxial approximation, enabling accurate modeling of high-numerical-aperture (NA) objective lenses commonly employed in experiments. Moreover, this framework is applicable to a broad range of scanning microscopy techniques including confocal microscopy, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, and ground-state depletion microscopy. Notably, the proposed method requires only readily obtainable macroscopic tissue parameters. As a practical demonstration, we investigate the performance of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) versus Hermite-Gaussian (HG) depletion beams in STED microscopy.
Keyphrases
  • high resolution
  • high speed
  • single molecule
  • mass spectrometry
  • optical coherence tomography
  • high throughput
  • label free
  • tandem mass spectrometry
  • living cells
  • solid state
  • fluorescent probe