Comparison of Indicators of Dependence for Vaping and Smoking: Trends Between 2017 and 2022 Among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States.
Makenna N GomesJessica L ReidVicki L RynardKatherine A EastMaciej Lukasz GoniewiczMegan E PiperDavid HammondPublished in: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (2024)
Indicators of vaping dependence among youth have increased substantially since 2017 to levels that are comparable to cigarette dependence among youth who smoke. Future research should examine factors underlying the increase in dependence among youth who vape, including changes to the nicotine profile and design of e-cigarette products.