An Activity-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for In Vivo Real-Time Imaging of Hydrogen Molecules.

To reveal the biomedical effects and mechanisms of hydrogen molecules urgently needs hydrogen molecular imaging probes as an imperative tool, but the development of these probes is extremely challenging. A catalytic hydrogenation strategy is proposed to design and synthesize a ratiometric fluorescent probe by encapsulating Pd nanoparticles and conjugating azido-/coumarin-modified fluorophore into mesoporous silica nanoparticles, realizing in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of hydrogen molecules. The developed hydrogen probe exhibits high sensitivity, rapid responsivity, high selectivity and low detection limit, enabling rapid and real-time detection of hydrogen molecules both in cells and in the body of animal and plant. By application of the developed fluorescent probe, we have directly observed the super-high transmembrane and ultrafast transport abilities of hydrogen molecules in cells, animals and plants, and discovered in vivo high diffusion of hydrogen molecules.