Anemia design effects in cluster surveys of women and young children in refugee settings.

Both ICCs and DEFF were relatively small for both non-pregnant women and preschool children and fall in a narrow range. Differences in ICCs between women and children were non-significant, suggesting similar inter-cluster distributions of anemia; significant differences in DEFF were likely attributable to differing cluster sizes. Given regional differences in both ICCs and DEFFs, location-specific values are preferred. However, in the absence of other context-specific information, we suggest using DEFFs of 1.4-1.8 if mean cluster size is around 20, and DEFFs of 1.2-1.4 if mean cluster size is around 10.