From Atherosclerotic Plaque to Myocardial Infarction-The Leading Cause of Coronary Artery Occlusion.
Ewelina MłynarskaWitold CzarnikPiotr FularskiJoanna HajdysGabriela MajchrowiczMagdalena StabrawaJacek RyszBeata FranczykPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes the most common cause of death worldwide. In Europe alone, approximately 4 million people die annually due to CVD. The leading component of CVD leading to mortality is myocardial infarction (MI). MI is classified into several types. Type 1 is associated with atherosclerosis, type 2 results from inadequate oxygen supply to cardiomyocytes, type 3 is defined as sudden cardiac death, while types 4 and 5 are associated with procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting, respectively. Of particular note is type 1, which is also the most frequently occurring form of MI. Factors predisposing to its occurrence include, among others, high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood, cigarette smoking, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The primary objective of this review is to elucidate the issues with regard to type 1 MI. Our paper delves into, amidst other aspects, its pathogenesis, risk assessment, diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and interventional treatment options in both acute and long-term conditions.
Keyphrases
- coronary artery bypass grafting
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- chronic kidney disease
- cardiovascular disease
- risk assessment
- coronary artery
- coronary artery disease
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- left ventricular
- acute coronary syndrome
- acute myocardial infarction
- st segment elevation myocardial infarction
- early onset
- skeletal muscle
- atrial fibrillation
- intensive care unit
- weight loss