Implication of changes in PD-L1 expression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) regimen in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

A substantial PD-L1 expression alteration was observed, resulting in low concordance rate before and after NAC-DCF. Tumors persistently lacking PD-L1 had distinct gene expression profile with worse clinical outcomes, raising the need for further investigation.