EGFR mutations induce the suppression of CD8 + T cell and anti-PD-1 resistance via ERK1/2-p90RSK-TGF-β axis in non-small cell lung cancer.

T cells, contributing to the "cold" TME of EGFR-mutated tumors. Blocking TGF-β can reshape the TME and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 in EGFR-mutated tumors, which provides a potential combination immunotherapy strategy for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.