Acidity effects of medium fluids on anhydrous proton conductivity of acid-swollen block polymer electrolyte membranes.

Proton-conductive polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) were prepared by infiltrating sulfuric acid (Sa) or phosphoric acid (Pa) into a polystyrene- b -poly(4-vinylpyridine)- b -polystyrene (S-P-S) triblock copolymer. When the molar ratio of acid to pyridyl groups in S-P-S, i.e. , the acid doping level (ADL), is below unity, the P-block/acid phase in the PEMs exhibited a moderately high glass transition temperature ( T g ) of ∼140 °C because of consumption of acids for forming the acid-base complexes between the pyridyl groups and the acids, also resulting in almost no free protons in the PEMs; therefore, the PEMs were totally glassy and exhibited almost no anhydrous conductivity. In contrast, when ADL is larger than unity, the T g s of the phase composed of acid and P blocks were lower than room temperature, due to the excessive molar amount of acid serving as a plasticizer. Such swollen PEMs with excessive amounts of acid releasing free protons were soft and exhibited high conductivities even without humidification. In particular, an S-P-S/Sa membrane with ADL of 4.6 exhibited a very high anhydrous conductivity of 1.4 × 10 -1 S cm -1 at 95 °C, which is comparable to that of humidified Nafion membranes. Furthermore, S-P-S/Sa membranes with lower T g s exhibited higher conductivities than S-P-S/Pa membranes, whereas the temperature dependence of the conductivities for S-P-S/Pa is stronger than that for S-P-S/Sa, suggesting Pa with a lower acidity would not be effectively dissociated into a dihydrogen phosphate anion and a free proton in the PEMs at lower temperatures.