Regenerative proliferation of differentiated cells by mTORC1-dependent paligenosis.
Spencer G WilletMark A LewisZhi-Feng MiaoDengqun LiuMegan D RadykRebecca L CunninghamJoseph BurclaffGreg SibbelHei-Yong G LoValerie BlancNicholas O DavidsonZhen-Ning WangJason C MillsPublished in: The EMBO journal (2018)
In 1900, Adami speculated that a sequence of context-independent energetic and structural changes governed the reversion of differentiated cells to a proliferative, regenerative state. Accordingly, we show here that differentiated cells in diverse organs become proliferative via a shared program. Metaplasia-inducing injury caused both gastric chief and pancreatic acinar cells to decrease mTORC1 activity and massively upregulate lysosomes/autophagosomes; then increase damage associated metaplastic genes such as Sox9; and finally reactivate mTORC1 and re-enter the cell cycle. Blocking mTORC1 permitted autophagy and metaplastic gene induction but blocked cell cycle re-entry at S-phase. In kidney and liver regeneration and in human gastric metaplasia, mTORC1 also correlated with proliferation. In lysosome-defective Gnptab-/- mice, both metaplasia-associated gene expression changes and mTORC1-mediated proliferation were deficient in pancreas and stomach. Our findings indicate differentiated cells become proliferative using a sequential program with intervening checkpoints: (i) differentiated cell structure degradation; (ii) metaplasia- or progenitor-associated gene induction; (iii) cell cycle re-entry. We propose this program, which we term "paligenosis", is a fundamental process, like apoptosis, available to differentiated cells to fuel regeneration following injury.
Keyphrases
- cell cycle
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- gene expression
- cell death
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- type diabetes
- dna methylation
- pi k akt
- preterm infants
- quality improvement
- genome wide
- cell therapy
- preterm birth
- insulin resistance
- genome wide identification
- fluorescent probe