Eleven oleanane-type triterpenoids named soyasapogenols B1-B11 have been obtained unexpectedly from a marine actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. MYH522. Their structures have been determined by extensive analysis of spectroscopic experiments and X-ray crystallographic data. Soyasapogenols B1-B11 exhibit subtle differences in the positions and degrees of oxidation on an oleanane skeleton. The feeding experiment suggested that soyasapogenols might be derived from soyasaponin Bb through microbial-mediated conversion. The biotransformation pathways from soyasaponin Bb to five oleanane-type triterpenoids and six A-ring cleaved analogues were proposed. The assumed biotransformation involves an array of reactions including regio- and stereo-selective oxidation. These compounds alleviated the 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid-induced inflammation in Raw264.7 cells via the stimulator of interferon genes/TBK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. The present work provided an efficient approach for rapid diversification of soyasaponins and for developing food supplements with potent anti-inflammatory effects.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- anti inflammatory
- high resolution
- microbial community
- oxidative stress
- pi k akt
- molecular docking
- growth factor
- hydrogen peroxide
- cell cycle arrest
- heart failure
- high throughput
- genome wide
- dendritic cells
- magnetic resonance
- nitric oxide
- immune response
- risk assessment
- mass spectrometry
- dna methylation
- inflammatory response
- atrial fibrillation
- cell proliferation
- left ventricular
- molecular dynamics simulations
- genome wide identification
- bioinformatics analysis
- loop mediated isothermal amplification