Plasma-treated Ti3+-doped sodium titanate nanosheet arrays on titanium foil as a lithiophilic current collector for a stable lithium metal anode.

Sodium titanate nanosheet arrays grown on titanium foil are utilized as a current collector for a lithium metal anode and Ti3+ is introduced by Ar/H2 plasma for a uniform lithium deposition. The lithium nucleation overpotential and voltage hysteresis are dramatically reduced by increased active sites and improved electrical conductivity.