Synthesis of a Hindered Amine-Grafted Lignin-Based Emulsifier and Its Application in a Green Emulsifiable Concentrate.

4-Amion-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (Temp) was grafted into sodium lignosulfonate (SL) to obtain hindered amine-modified lignosulfonate (SL-Temp). Then, the polymer surfactant (SL-Temp-CTAB) was prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and SL-Temp. Obtained SL-Temp-CTAB was used as an emulsifier to prepare a green emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of avermectin (AVM), which shows good emulsifying property and storage stability. The prepared AVM green EC can form AVM-loaded microspheres with nanometer particle size distribution after emulsification in water. After ultraviolet irradiation for 70 h, the AVM retention rate of the green EC prepared using SL-Temp-CTAB was 75.8%, which is much higher than that of commercial EC (0.4%) and the green EC prepared using unmodified SL (31.4%). Moreover, the AVM green EC prepared using SL-Temp-CTAB has slow-release performance, and the release equilibrium time is 5.3 times the commercial EC. Therefore, the newly prepared AVM green EC using a lignin-based functional emulsifier shows good antiphotolysis and slow-release performance compared to the traditional EC.