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Extending Copper Interconnects and Epoxy Dielectrics to Multi-GHz Frequencies.

Junghyun ParkJiayou XuAnthony EnglerJaimal WilliamsonVarughese MathewSunggook ParkJohn Flake
Published in: IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and manufacturing technology (2024)
Future multichip packages require Die-to-Die (D2D) interconnects operating at frequencies above 10 GHz; however, the extension of copper interconnects and epoxy dielectrics presents a trade-off between performance and reliability. This paper explores insertion losses and adhesion as a function of interface roughness at frequencies up to 18 GHz. We probe epoxy surface chemistry as a function of curing time and use wet etching to modulate surface roughness. The morphology is quantified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT). Peel test and vector network analysis are used to examine the impacts of both type and level of roughness. The trade-offs between power efficiency and reliability are presented and discussed.
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