Micronutrients deficiences in patients after bariatric surgery.
Amin GasmiGeir BjørklundPavan Kumar MujawdiyaYuliya SemenovaMassimiliano PeanaAlexandru DosaSalva PiscopoAsma Gasmi BenahmedDaniel Ovidiu CosteaPublished in: European journal of nutrition (2021)
Bariatric surgery is an effective option for managing obesity and has gained general acceptance among patients in recent years. Generally, despite the high caloric intake, a bad nutritional habit of obese people results in the deficiency of several vitamins, minerals, and trace elements essential for body metabolism and normal physiological processes. Additionally, the current bariatric surgical approaches such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB), laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), and jejunoileal bypass (JIB) can cause or exacerbate these deficiencies. Based on several reports, it appears that the various bariatric surgical procedures affect nutrient absorption differently. Being purely restrictive, LAGB and SG affect the absorption of iron, selenium, and vitamin B12, while RYGB, JIB, and biliopancreatic diversion have a more profound impact on the absorption of essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. Nutritional deficiencies in vitamins, minerals, and trace elements may follow bariatric surgery and are associated with clinical manifestations and diseases, including anemia, ataxia, hair loss, and Wernicke encephalopathy. The present review summarizes some of the major vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies associated with bariatric surgery, particularly those presented post-surgically. To avoid any adverse consequences of vitamin and trace element deficiency, proper monitoring and tests are recommended at any stage, from pre- to post-surgery (periodical check-up), followed by specific and individual nutritional supplementation treatments and a proper healthy diet.
Keyphrases
- roux en y gastric bypass
- weight loss
- bariatric surgery
- obese patients
- gastric bypass
- end stage renal disease
- weight gain
- chronic kidney disease
- robot assisted
- early onset
- minimally invasive
- newly diagnosed
- peritoneal dialysis
- type diabetes
- iron deficiency
- emergency department
- adverse drug
- patient reported outcomes
- heavy metals
- replacement therapy
- coronary artery disease
- risk assessment
- physical activity
- skeletal muscle
- metabolic syndrome
- body mass index
- adipose tissue
- electronic health record