Exosome-mediated apoptosis pathway during WSSV infection in crustacean mud crab.
Yi GongTongtong KongXin RenJiao ChenShanmeng LinYueling ZhangShengkang LiPublished in: PLoS pathogens (2020)
MicroRNAs are regulatory molecules that can be packaged into exosomes to modulate cellular response of recipients. While the role of exosomes during viral infection is beginning to be appreciated, the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in immunoregulation in invertebrates has not been addressed. Here, we observed that exosomes released from WSSV-injected mud crabs could suppress viral replication by inducing apoptosis of hemocytes. Besides, miR-137 and miR-7847 were found to be less packaged in mud crab exosomes during viral infection, with both miR-137 and miR-7847 shown to negatively regulate apoptosis by targeting the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Our data also revealed that AIF translocated to the nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation, and could competitively bind to HSP70 to disintegrate the HSP70-Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) complex, thereby activating the mitochondria apoptosis pathway by freeing Bax. The present finding therefore provides a novel mechanism that underlies the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and apoptosis pathway in innate immune response in invertebrates.
Keyphrases
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- cell proliferation
- immune response
- long non coding rna
- cell death
- mesenchymal stem cells
- long noncoding rna
- stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- heat shock protein
- pi k akt
- heat shock
- sars cov
- single cell
- small molecule
- dendritic cells
- machine learning
- heat stress
- electronic health record
- transcription factor
- toll like receptor
- reactive oxygen species
- single molecule