Vascular adhesion protein-1 and microvascular diabetic complications.
Alok D SinghYogesh A KulkarniPublished in: Pharmacological reports : PR (2022)
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a bifunctional protein that has the ability to catalyze the deamination of primary amines and is involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). VAP-1 is usually stored in intracellular vesicles of endothelial cells, smooth muscles, and adipocytes. It is responsible for leukocyte transmigration and adhesion. Overexpression of VAP-1 exacerbates oxidative stress and modulates a variety of inflammatory mediators linked with diabetic complications. Numerous studies have suggested the association of increased insulin levels with serum VAP-1 (sVAP-1). Preclinical research evidence suggests the increased activity of sVAP-1 in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Scientific reports on VAP-1 inhibitors have shown a reduction in severity in diabetic animal models. VAP-1 is a potential target of a therapeutically effective line of treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. The primary focus of this review is the role of VAP-1 in diabetes and its associated microvascular complications.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- hydrogen peroxide
- glycemic control
- oxidative stress
- cardiovascular disease
- risk factors
- wound healing
- endothelial cells
- protein protein
- nitric oxide
- adipose tissue
- amino acid
- insulin resistance
- cell migration
- cell proliferation
- stem cells
- small molecule
- climate change
- room temperature
- signaling pathway
- staphylococcus aureus
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- skeletal muscle
- reactive oxygen species
- peripheral blood
- high glucose
- induced apoptosis
- diabetic rats