Unveiling the Photo- and Thermal-Stability of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.
Brett W BooteHimashi P AndaraarachchiBryan A RosalesRafael Blome-FernándezFeng ZhuMalinda D ReichertKalyan SantraJingzhe LiJacob W PetrichJavier VelaEmily A SmithPublished in: Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry (2019)
Lead halide perovskites possess unique characteristics that are well-suited for optoelectronic and energy capture devices, however, concerns about their long-term stability remain. Limited stability is often linked to the methylammonium cation, and all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals have been reported with improved stability. In this work, the photostability and thermal stability properties of CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR), ensemble and single particle spectral characterization. CsPbBr3 was found to be stable under 1-sun illumination for 16 h in ambient conditions, although single crystal luminescence analysis after illumination using a solar simulator indicates that the luminescence states are changing over time. CsPbBr3 was also stable to heating to 250 °C. Large CsPbI3 crystals (34±5 nm) were shown to be the least stable composition under the same conditions as both XRD reflections and Raman bands diminish under irradiation; and with heating the γ (black) phase reverts to the non-luminescent δ phase. Smaller CsPbI3 nanocrystals (14±2 nm) purified by a different washing strategy exhibited improved photostability with no evidence of crystal growth but were still thermally unstable. Both CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 show crystal growth under irradiation or heat, likely with a preferential orientation based on XRD patterns. TGA-FTIR revealed nanocrystal mass loss was only from liberation and subsequent degradation of surface ligands. Encapsulation or other protective strategies should be employed for long-term stability of these materials under conditions of high irradiance or temperature.
Keyphrases
- room temperature
- energy transfer
- electron microscopy
- quantum dots
- solar cells
- light emitting
- high resolution
- ionic liquid
- magnetic resonance
- photodynamic therapy
- air pollution
- single cell
- computed tomography
- machine learning
- magnetic resonance imaging
- convolutional neural network
- data analysis
- electron transfer
- perovskite solar cells
- virtual reality