Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4 D): An update.

Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D) has appeared as a powerful technique for the detection of compounds lacking chromogenic or fluorogenic group. Since our last review (Biomedical Chromatography 2014; 28: 1502-1506) several new capillary electrophoresis (CE)-C4 D methods have been reported. This review provides an update of the most recent utilization of CE-C4 D in the field of pharmaceutical, biomedical and food analysis covering the period from February 2014 to October 2016. The use of CE with C4 D in the pharmaceutical field has been shown in many papers. Examples illustrate the applicability of CE-C4 D in the fields of pharmaceutical, biomedical and food analysis. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives are provided.