Therapeutic drug monitoring-guided continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam significantly improves pharmacokinetic target attainment in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of four years of clinical experience.

TDM-guided CI of PIP is safe in critically ill patients and improves PK-target attainment. Exposure to defined PK-targets impacts patient mortality while lower and higher than intended SCs may influence the outcome of critically ill patients. Renal function and renal replacement therapy are main determinants of PK-target attainment. These results are only valid for CI of PIP and not for prolonged or intermittent bolus administration of PIP.