Impact of High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid on Gene Expression in Rabbit Achilles Tenocytes In Vitro.
Iris MiescherPetra WolintChristine OpelzJess G SnedekerPietro GiovanoliMaurizio CalcagniJohanna BuschmannPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
(1) Background: Surgical tendon repair often leads to adhesion formation, leading to joint stiffness and a reduced range of motion. Tubular implants set around sutured tendons might help to reduce peritendinous adhesions. The lubricant hyaluronic acid (HA) is a viable option for optimizing such tubes with the goal of further enhancing the anti-adhesive effect. As the implant degrades over time and diffusion is presumed, the impact of HA on tendon cells is important to know. (2) Methods: A culture medium of rabbit Achilles tenocytes was supplemented with high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA and the growth curves of the cells were assessed. Additionally, after 3, 7 and 14 days, the gene expression of several markers was analyzed for matrix assembly, tendon differentiation, fibrosis, proliferation, matrix remodeling, pro-inflammation and resolution. (3) Results: The addition of HA decreased matrix marker genes, downregulated the fibrosis marker α-SMA for a short time and slightly increased the matrix-remodeling gene MMP-2. Of the pro-inflammatory marker genes, only IL-6 was significantly upregulated. IL-6 has to be kept in check, although IL-6 is also needed for a proper initial inflammation and efficient resolution. (4) Conclusions: The observed effects in vitro support the intended anti-adhesion effect and therefore, the use of HMW HA is promising as a biodegradable implant for tendon repair.
Keyphrases
- hyaluronic acid
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
- genome wide
- oxidative stress
- dna methylation
- cell cycle arrest
- rotator cuff
- signaling pathway
- soft tissue
- genome wide identification
- drug delivery
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- single molecule
- escherichia coli
- cell migration
- cell proliferation
- staphylococcus aureus
- cystic fibrosis
- liver fibrosis
- anti inflammatory
- candida albicans