Streamlined Intraoperative Brain Tumor Classification and Molecular Subtyping in Stereotactic Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Deep Learning.

Artificial intelligence-based SRH image analysis is non-inferior to frozen section analysis in detecting and subclassifying brain tumors during small stereotactic-guided biopsies once a critical squeezed sample size is reached. Beyond frozen section analysis, it enables valid molecular glioma subtyping, allowing faster treatment decisions in the future; however, refinement is needed for long-term application.