Kolkata-Coventry comparative registry study of acute heart failure: an insight into the impact of public, private and universal health systems on patient outcomes in low-middle income cities (KOLCOV HF Study).

Marked differences in HF characteristics, management and outcomes exist intra-regionally, and between low-middle versus high-income countries across private, public and universal healthcare systems. Physicians and policymakers should take caution when applying country-level data locally when developing strategies to address local evidence-practice gaps in HF.