Current Development, Obstacle and Futural Direction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Degenerative Retinal Disease.
Ming-Cheng ChiangEdward ChernPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Degenerative retinal disease is one of the major causes of vision loss around the world. The past several decades have witnessed emerging development of stem cell treatment for retinal disease. Nevertheless, sourcing stem cells remains controversial due to ethical concerns and their rarity. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both isolated from patients' mature tissues; thus, issues such as avoiding moral controversy and adverse events related to immunosuppression and obtaining a large number of cells have opened a new era in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the current application and development, clinical trials, and latest research of stem cell therapy, as well as its limitations and future directions.
Keyphrases
- stem cells
- cell therapy
- mesenchymal stem cells
- optical coherence tomography
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- clinical trial
- umbilical cord
- diabetic retinopathy
- bone marrow
- end stage renal disease
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- optic nerve
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- prognostic factors
- decision making
- phase ii
- cell proliferation
- open label
- patient reported outcomes