Magnetic resonance imaging-guided intracranial resection of glioblastoma tumors in patient-derived orthotopic xenografts leads to clinically relevant tumor recurrence.

Our data positions GBM PDOXs developed in mouse brains as a valuable preclinical model for conducting therapeutic studies that involve surgical tumor resection. The high detectability of tumors by MRI across a substantial number of PDOX models in mice will allow for scalability of our approach toward specific tumor types for efficacy studies in precision medicine-oriented approaches. Additionally, these models hold promise for the development of enhanced image-guided surgery protocols.