Pro-inflammatory mediators and neutrophils are increased in synovial fluid from heifers with acute ruminal acidosis.

The overall results indicate that IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2, were the earliest proinflammatory parameters that increased in the synovial fluid of animals with ARA. Furthermore, the most sever inflammatory response in the joint was observed after 24 h and could be associated with a massive presence of neutrophils and release of aggNETs.